5/18/2023 0 Comments Chemlab 5 line spectra answersFigure 1.3.3 : The Emission of Light by a Hydrogen Atom in an Excited State. When an atom in an excited state undergoes a transition to the ground state in a process called decay, it loses energy by emitting a photon whose energy corresponds to the difference in energy between the two states (Figure 1.3.1 ). Any arrangement of electrons that is higher in energy than the ground state.: its energy is higher than the energy of the ground state. A hydrogen atom with an electron in an orbit with n > 1 is therefore in an excited state. (1.3.5) E h c h c ( 1 n 2 2 1 n 1 2) Canceling hc on both sides gives. As n increases, the radius of the orbit increases the electron is farther from the proton, which results in a less stable arrangement with higher potential energy (Figure 2.10). If n2 > n1, the transition is from a higher energy state (larger-radius orbit) to a lower energy state (smaller-radius orbit), as shown by the dashed arrow in part (a) in Figure 1.3.3. Because a hydrogen atom with its one electron in this orbit has the lowest possible energy, this is the ground state (the most stable arrangement of electrons for an element or a compound), the most stable arrangement for a hydrogen atom. The negative sign in Equation 1.3.3 indicates that the electron-nucleus pair is more tightly bound when they are near each other than when they are far apart. The orbit with n = 1 is the lowest lying and most tightly bound. In his final years, he devoted himself to the peaceful application of atomic physics and to resolving political problems arising from the development of atomic weapons.Īs n decreases, the energy holding the electron and the nucleus together becomes increasingly negative, the radius of the orbit shrinks and more energy is needed to ionize the atom. (b) The energy of the orbit becomes increasingly less negative with increasing n.ĭuring the Nazi occupation of Denmark in World War II, Bohr escaped to the United States, where he became associated with the Atomic Energy Project. Figure 1.3.2: The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom (a) The distance of the orbit from the nucleus increases with increasing n. In this state the radius of the orbit is also infinite. In that level, the electron is unbound from the nucleus and the atom has been separated into a negatively charged (the electron) and a positively charged (the nucleus) ion. In this model n = ∞ corresponds to the level where the energy holding the electron and the nucleus together is zero.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |